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Abraham Lincoln Biography

Born: Feb 12, 1809
Hodgenville, Kentucky
Died: April fourteen, 1865
Washington, D.C.
American president

The sixteenth president of the United states of america and president during the Ceremonious State of war (1861–1865), Abraham Lincoln will forever be remembered by his inspirational ascent to fame, his efforts to rid the country of slavery, and his ability to hold together a divided nation. Lincoln'southward Emancipation Annunciation, Gettysburg Accost, and two outstanding inaugural addresses are widely regarded as some of the greatest speeches e'er delivered by an American politician.

Starting life in a log cabin

Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas and Nancy Lincoln on Feb 12, 1809, in a log cabin on a farm in Hardin County, Kentucky. Two years afterward the family moved to a subcontract on Knob Creek. There, when at that place was no immediate work to be done, Abraham walked two miles to the schoolhouse, where he learned the nuts of reading, writing, and arithmetic.

When Abraham was 7, his father sold his lands and moved the family into the rugged wilderness of Indiana across the Ohio River. Afterward spending a winter in a crude shack, the Lincolns began building a better home and clearing the land for planting. They were making progress when, in the summertime of 1818, a terrible disease known every bit milk sickness struck the region. First information technology took the lives of Mrs. Lincoln'due south uncle and aunt, and then Nancy Hanks Lincoln herself died. Without Mrs. Lincoln the household began to autumn apart, and much of the workload fell to Abraham and his sis.

The adjacent wintertime Abraham's begetter returned to Kentucky and brought dorsum a second wife, Sarah Bush Johnson, a widow with iii children. As time passed, the region where the Lincolns lived grew in population. Lincoln himself grew tall and strong, and his father often hired him out to work for neighbors. Meanwhile, Lincoln'southward father had again moved his family unit to a new home in Illinois, where he congenital a cabin on the Sangamon River. At the end of the starting time summertime in Illinois, illness swept through the region and put the Lincolns on the motility one time once more. This time information technology was to Coles County. Abraham, who was now a grown man, did not go on. Instead he moved to the growing boondocks of New Salem, where he was placed in charge of a manufactory and store.

Entering public life

Life in New Salem was a turning point for Lincoln, and the great human of history began to emerge. To the shop came people of all kinds to talk and trade and to bask the stories told by this unique and pop man. The members of the New Salem Debating Society welcomed him, and Lincoln began to develop his skills as a passionate and persuasive speaker. When the Black Militarist War (1832) erupted between the United States and hostile Native Americans, the volunteers of the region apace elected Lincoln to be their captain.

After the war he announced himself every bit a candidate for the Illinois legislature. He was not elected, simply he did receive 277 of the 300 votes cast in the New Salem precinct. In 1834, after some other attempt, Lincoln was finally elected to the state legislature. Lincoln's campaign skills profoundly impressed John Todd Stuart (1807–1885), a leader of the Whigs, i of two major political parties in the country at the time. Stuart was also an

Abraham Lincoln.
Courtesy of the

Library of Congress

.

outstanding lawyer in Springfield, Illinois, and shortly took Lincoln under his care and inspired him to brainstorm the report of law.

Lincoln served 4 straight terms in the legislature and soon emerged as a party leader. Meanwhile, he mastered the law books he could buy or borrow. In September 1836 Lincoln began practicing law and played an important office in having the Illinois land capital moved from Vandalia to Springfield. In 1837 Lincoln himself moved to Springfield to become Stuart's constabulary partner. He did non, however, forget politics. In 1846 Lincoln was elected to the U.S. Congress. During these years Lincoln had go engaged to Mary Todd (1818–1882), a cultured and well-educated Kentucky woman. They were married on Nov two, 1842.

First failure

When Congress met in December 1847, Lincoln expressed his disapproval with the Mexican State of war (1846–48), in which American and Mexican forces clashed over state in the Southwest. These views, together with his wish to abolish, or end, slavery in the Commune of Columbia, brought sharp criticism from the people dorsum in Illinois. They believed Lincoln was "not a patriot" and had not correctly represented his land in Congress.

Although the Whigs won the presidency in 1848, Lincoln could not even control the back up in his ain district. His political career seemed to be coming to a shut just equally it was beginning. His simply reward for party service was an offering of the governorship of furthermost Oregon, which he refused. Lincoln then returned to Illinois and resumed practicing law.

War on the horizon

During the side by side twelve years, while Lincoln rebuilt his legal career, the nation was becoming divided. While victory in the Mexican State of war added vast western territory to the United states, and so came the issue of slavery in those new territories. To Southerners, the issue involved the security and rights of slavery everywhere. To Northerners, information technology was a thing of morals and justice. A national crisis soon adult. Merely the efforts of Senators Henry Dirt (1777–1852) and Daniel Webster (1782–1852) brought about the Compromise of 1850. With the compromise, a temporary truce was reached between the states favoring slavery and those opposed to it. The basic problems, nonetheless, were not eliminated. Four years later the struggle was reopened.

Lincoln's passionate opposition to slavery was enough to draw him dorsum into the world of politics. He had always viewed slavery as a "moral, social and political incorrect" and looked frontward to its eventual abolition. Although willing to let it alone for the nowadays in us where information technology existed, he would not see it extended one inch.

At the same fourth dimension, Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas (1813–1861) drafted the Kansas-Nebraska Deed, which would leave the decision of slavery up to the new territories. Lincoln idea the neb ignored the growing Northern conclusion to rid the nation of slavery. Shortly, in opposition to the expansion of slavery, the Republican party was built-in. When Douglas returned to Illinois to defend his position, Lincoln seized every opportunity to indicate out the weakness in it.

Republican leader

Lincoln's failure to receive the nomination as senator in 1855 convinced him that the Whig party was expressionless. By summertime 1856 he became a member of the new Republicans. Lincoln rapidly emerged as the outstanding leader of the new party. At the party's first national convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he received 110 votes for vice president on the get-go ballot. Although he was not called, he had been recognized as an important national figure.

National attending began turning toward the violence in Kansas and the Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott instance, which debated the effect of slavery in the new territories. Meanwhile, Douglas had returned to Illinois to wage his fight for reelection to the Senate. But unlike in earlier elections, Illinois had grown rapidly and the population bulk had shifted from the southern part of the state to the central and northern areas. In these growing areas the Republican party had gained a growing popularity—every bit had Abraham Lincoln.

As Lincoln challenged Douglas for his seat in the Senate, the 2 engaged in legendary debates. During the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln delivered his famous "house divided" speech, stating "A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe the government cannot endure permanently half slave and half complimentary." Lincoln proved his ability to hold his own against the man known as the "Piffling Giant." In the end Douglas was reelected every bit senator, just Lincoln had gained national attention and his proper name was soon mentioned for the presidency.

The sixteenth president

In 1860 the Republican National Convention met and chose Lincoln as their candidate for president of the U.s.a.. With a divided Democratic party and the recent formation of the Ramble Matrimony party, Lincoln's ballot was certain. After Lincoln's election victory, parts of the state reacted harshly against the new president's stand up on slavery. Seven Southern states then seceded, or withdrew, from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America.

In his countdown address he clarified his position on the national situation. Secession, he said, was wrong, and the Marriage could non legally be cleaved autonomously. He would not interfere with slavery in the states, merely he would "hold, occupy, and possess" all holding and places owned past the federal government. By now there was no avoiding the outbreak of the Ceremonious State of war.

The Ceremonious War

From this fourth dimension on, Lincoln's life was shaped by the problems and fortunes of civil war. Equally president, he was the head of all agencies in authorities and also acted equally commander in chief, or supreme commander, of the armies. Lincoln was heavily criticized for early failures. Radicals in Congress were soon demanding a reorganization of his cabinet, or official advisors, and a new set of generals to atomic number 82 his armies. To combat this, Lincoln himself studied military books. He correctly evaluated General Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885) and Full general William T. Sherman (1820–1891) and the importance of the western entrada. Thanks, in role, to Lincoln's reshuffling of his military leaders, the Union forces would shortly capture victory over the Confederates.

Afterward, Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation. The declaration chosen for the freeing of all slaves in territories still at state of war with the Spousal relationship. Afterwards, during his Gettysburg Accost, he gave the state of war its universal significant as a struggle to preserve a nation based on freedoms and dedicated to the idea "that all men are created equal."

Lincoln was reelected in 1864. Equally the cease of the Civil State of war appeared close, Lincoln urged his people "to bind upward the nation'due south wounds" and create a just and lasting peace. Just Lincoln would never be able enjoy the nation he had reunited. Five days after the Amalgamated army surrendered and concluded the Ceremonious War, Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., on Apr fourteen, 1965. The president died the adjacent day.

Although the reasons for Lincoln's assassination would be debated, his prominent place in American history has never been in doubt. His work to gratis the slaves earned him the honorable reputation as the Great Emancipator. His ability to hold together a land torn apart past civil war would forever secure his identify as 1 of America's greatest presidents.

For More Information

Bruns, Roger. Abraham Lincoln. New York: Chelsea House, 1986.

Jacobs, William Jay. Lincoln. New York: Scribner'south, 1991.

Judson, Karen. Abraham Lincoln. New York: Enslow, 1998.

Miller, William Lee. Lincoln'south Virtues: An Ethical Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.

Oates, Stephen B. With Malice Toward None: A Life of Abraham Lincoln. New York: HarperPerennial, 1994.

Sandburg, Carl. Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1954. Reprint, San Diego: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, 1982.

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